Abstract
Purpose
47,XXY is often associated with reduced expressive language and literacy skills. This
retrospective cross-sectional study investigated risk factors (hormone replacement
deficiency, pre-or postnatal diagnosis, and history of family learning disabilities
[FLDs]) associated with reading skills in 152 males.
Methods
We analyzed Woodcock Reading Mastery Test scores among 7 prenatally diagnosed male
hormone replacement therapy (HRT) groups using analysis of variance along with analysis
of variance and 2 postnatally diagnosed male HRT groups (No-T and T) using t tests. Treated prenatally diagnosed males with FLDs were compared with an identically
treated prenatal HRT group with no history of FLDs using a t test.
Results
In prenatally diagnosed males, significant treatment differences were observed on
several reading scales (eg, total reading: χ2 = 17.96, P = .006), in which the highest modality HRT group (mean [M] =119.87) outperformed
the untreated group (M = 99.88). In the postnatal analysis, we observed a significant
effect of treatment on basic skills (P = .01). Despite equal HRT status, males with FLDs (M = 105.79) exhibited reduced
total reading skills compared with those in the no FLD group (P = 0.0006).
Conclusion
Our findings in this pilot study reveal that the most optimal reading trajectory is associated
with a prenatal diagnosis, absence of FLDs, and the highest modality HRT.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 27, 2023
Accepted:
April 16,
2023
Received in revised form:
April 13,
2023
Received:
August 15,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
